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GitHub GitHub-Advanced-Security Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 14
What is a prerequisite to define a custom pattern for a repository?
- A. Specify additional match criteria
- B. Enable secret scanning
- C. Close other secret scanning alerts
- D. Change the repository visibility to Internal
Answer: B
Explanation:
Youmust enable secret scanningbefore defining custom patterns. Secret scanning provides the foundational capability for detecting exposed credentials, and custom patterns build upon that by allowing organizations to specify their own regex-based patterns for secrets unique to their environment.
Without enabling secret scanning, GitHub will not process or apply custom patterns.
NEW QUESTION # 15
A repository's dependency graph includes:
- A. Annotated code scanning alerts from your repository's dependencies.
- B. A summary of the dependencies used in your organization's repositories.
- C. Dependencies parsed from a repository's manifest and lock files.
- D. Dependencies from all your repositories.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Thedependency graphin a repository is built byparsing manifest and lock files(like package.json, pom.xml, requirements.txt). It helps GitHub detect dependencies and cross-reference them with known vulnerability databases for alerting.
It is specific to each repository and does not show org-wide or cross-repo summaries.
NEW QUESTION # 16
What are Dependabot security updates?
- A. Compatibility scores to let you know whether updating a dependency could cause breaking changes to your project
- B. Automated pull requests that keep your dependencies updated, even when they don't have any vulnerabilities
- C. Automated pull requests that help you update dependencies that have known vulnerabilities
- D. Automated pull requests to update the manifest to the latest version of the dependency
Answer: C
Explanation:
Dependabot security updatesareautomated pull requeststriggered when GitHub detects avulnerabilityin a dependency listed in your manifest or lockfile. These PRs upgrade the dependency to theminimum safe versionthat fixes the vulnerability.
This is separate from regular updates (which keep versions current even if not vulnerable).
NEW QUESTION # 17
As a developer with write access, you navigate to a code scanning alert in your repository. When will GitHub close this alert?
- A. After you fix the code by committing within the pull request
- B. After you triage the pull request containing the alert
- C. When you use data-flow analysis to find potential security issues in code
- D. After you find the code and click the alert within the pull request
Answer: A
Explanation:
GitHub automatically closes a code scanning alert when the vulnerable code is fixedin the same branch where the alert was generated, usually via acommit inside a pull request. Simply clicking or triaging an alert does not resolve it. The alert is re-evaluated after each push to the branch, and if the issue no longer exists, it is marked as resolved.
NEW QUESTION # 18
How would you build your code within the CodeQL analysis workflow? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
- A. Ignore paths.
- B. Use CodeQL's autobuild action.
- C. Implement custom build steps.
- D. Upload compiled binaries.
- E. Use CodeQL's init action.
- F. Use jobs.analyze.runs-on.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
When setting up CodeQL analysis for compiled languages, there are two primary methods to buildyour code:
GitHub Docs
Autobuild: CodeQL attempts to automatically build your codebase using the most likely build method. This is suitable for standard build processes.
GitHub Docs
Custom Build Steps: For complex or non-standard build processes, you can implement custom build steps by specifying explicit build commands in your workflow. This provides greater control over the build process.
GitHub Docs
The init action initializes the CodeQL analysis but does not build the code. The jobs.analyze.runs-on specifies the operating system for the runner but is not directly related to building the code. Uploading compiled binaries is not a method supported by CodeQL for analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the following formats are used to describe a Dependabot alert? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
- A. Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
- B. Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
- C. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
- D. Vulnerability Exploitability exchange (VEX)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Dependabot alerts utilize standardized identifiers to describe vulnerabilities:
* CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures):A widely recognized identifier for publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
* CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration):A category system for software weaknesses and vulnerabilities.
These identifiers help developers understand the nature of the vulnerabilities and facilitate the search for more information or remediation strategies.
NEW QUESTION # 20
In the pull request, how can developers avoid adding new dependencies with known vulnerabilities?
- A. Enable Dependabot security updates.
- B. Enable Dependabot alerts.
- C. Add a workflow with the dependency review action.
- D. Add Dependabot rules.
Answer: C
Explanation:
To detect and blockvulnerable dependencies before merge, developers should use theDependency Review GitHub Actionin their pull request workflows. It scans all proposed dependency changes and flags any packages with known vulnerabilities.
This is apreventative measureduring development, unlike Dependabot, which reactsafter the fact.
NEW QUESTION # 21
When does Dependabot alert you of a vulnerability in your software development process?
- A. As soon as a pull request is opened by a contributor
- B. When Dependabot opens a pull request to update a vulnerable dependency
- C. When a pull request adding a vulnerable dependency is opened
- D. As soon as a vulnerable dependency is detected
Answer: D
Explanation:
Dependabot alerts are generated as soon as GitHub detects a known vulnerability in one of your dependencies. GitHub does this by analyzing your repository's dependency graph and matching it against vulnerabilities listed in the GitHub Advisory Database. Once a match is found, the system raises an alert automatically without waiting for a PR or manual action.
This allows organizations to proactively mitigate vulnerabilities as early as possible, based on real-time detection.
NEW QUESTION # 22
What is the first step you should take to fix an alert in secret scanning?
- A. Revoke the alert if the secret is still valid.
- B. Update your dependencies.
- C. Remove the secret in a commit to the main branch.
- D. Archive the repository.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Thefirst stepwhen you receive a secret scanning alert is torevoke the secretif it is still valid. This ensures the secret can no longer be used maliciously. Only after revoking it should you proceed to remove it from the code history and apply other mitigation steps.
Simply deleting the secret from the code doesnotremove the risk if it hasn't been revoked - especially since it may already be exposed in commit history.
NEW QUESTION # 23
As a developer, you need to configure a code scanning workflow for a repository where GitHub Advanced Security is enabled. What minimum repository permission do you need?
- A. Admin
- B. Write
- C. Read
- D. None
Answer: B
Explanation:
To create or modify acode scanning workflow file(typically under .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml), you must haveWriteaccess to the repository.
Write permission allows you to commit the workflow file, which is required to run or configure code scanning using GitHub Actions.
NEW QUESTION # 24
What is required to trigger code scanning on a specified branch?
- A. The workflow file must exist in that branch.
- B. Secret scanning must be enabled on the repository.
- C. The repository must be private.
- D. Developers must actively maintain the repository.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
For code scanning to be triggered on a specific branch, the branch must contain the appropriate workflow file, typically located in the .github/workflows directory. This YAML file defines the code scanning configuration and specifies the events that trigger the scan (e.g., push, pull_request).
Without the workflow file in the branch, GitHub Actions will not execute the code scanning process for that branch. The repository's visibility (private or public), the status of secret scanning, or the activity level of developers do not directly influence the triggering of code scanning.
NEW QUESTION # 25
When using CodeQL, what extension stores query suite definitions?
- A. .yml
- B. .ql
- C. .qls
- D. .qll
Answer: C
Explanation:
Query suite definitions in CodeQL are stored using the .qls file extension. A query suite defines a collection of queries to be run during an analysis and allows for grouping them based on categories like language, security relevance, or custom filters.
In contrast:
* .ql files are individual queries.
* .qll files are libraries used by .ql queries.
* .yml is used for workflows, not query suites.
NEW QUESTION # 26
What should you do after receiving an alert about a dependency added in a pull request?
- A. Disable Dependabot alerts for all repositories owned by your organization
- B. Update the vulnerable dependencies before the branch is merged
- C. Deploy the code to your default branch
- D. Fork the branch and deploy the new fork
Answer: B
Explanation:
If an alert is raised on apull request dependency, best practice is toupdate the dependencyto a secure versionbeforemerging the PR. This prevents the vulnerable version from entering the main codebase.
Merging or deploying the PR without fixing the issue exposes your production environment to known risks.
NEW QUESTION # 27
As a contributor, you discovered a vulnerability in a repository. Where should you look for the instructions on how to report the vulnerability?
- A. support.md
- B. readme.md
- C. security.md
- D. contributing.md
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct place to look is the SECURITY.md file. This file provides contributors and security researchers with instructions on how to responsibly report vulnerabilities. It may include contact methods, preferred communication channels (e.g., security team email), and disclosure guidelines.
This file is considered a GitHub best practice and, when present, activates a "Report a vulnerability" button in the repository'sSecuritytab.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Assuming there is no custom Dependabot behavior configured, where possible, what does Dependabot do after sending an alert about a vulnerable dependency in a repository?
- A. Creates a pull request to upgrade the vulnerable dependency to the minimum possible secure version
- B. Constructs a graph of all the repository's dependencies and public dependents for the default branch
- C. Scans repositories for vulnerable dependencies on a schedule and adds those files to a manifest
- D. Scans any push to all branches and generates an alert for each vulnerable repository
Answer: A
Explanation:
After generating an alert for a vulnerable dependency, Dependabot automatically attempts to create a pull request to upgrade that dependency to theminimum required secure version-if a fix is available and compatible with your project.
This automated PR helps teams fix vulnerabilities quickly with minimal manual intervention. You can also configure update behaviors using dependabot.yml, but in the default state, PR creation is automatic.
NEW QUESTION # 29
In a private repository, what minimum requirements does GitHub need to generate a dependencygraph? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)
- A. Dependency graph enabled at the organization level for all new private repositories
- B. Read-only access to all the repository's files
- C. Read-only access to the dependency manifest and lock files for a repository
- D. Write access to the dependency manifest and lock files for an enterprise
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
To generate a dependency graph for a private repository, GitHub requires:
Dependency graph enabled: The repository must have the dependency graph feature enabled. This can be configured at the organization level to apply to all new private repositories.
Access to manifest and lock files: GitHub needs read-only access to the repository's dependency manifest and lock files (e.g., package.json, requirements.txt) to identify and map dependencies.
NEW QUESTION # 30
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